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6TuesdayApril142015ENVIRONMENTCLIMATECHANGE926MACKENZIEHIGHWAYHAYRIVERNTPhone867-874-2771TollFree1-866-327-0717www.monsterrec.com2015BombardierRecreationalProductsInc.BRP.Allrightsreserved.andtheBRPlogoaretrademarksoBRPoritsafliates.ThisoerisvalidinCanadaonlyatparticipatingSki-Doodealersonthepurchaseoa2016Ski-DoosnowmobileorderedduringtheSpringFeverpromotionbetweenFebruary242015andApril192015.Unitsusedorracingareexcludedromthisoer.SeeyourSki-Doodealerordetails.Upto4-yearBumper-to-BumperwarrantyConsumerspurchasinga2016SummitorFreeridemodelareentitledtoreceive4-yearBRPlimitedwarranty.Consumerspurchasinganyother2016modelareentitledtoreceive3-yearBRPlimitedwarranty.SubjecttotheexclusionslimitationsoliabilitiesandallothertermsandconditionsoBRPsstandardlimitedwarrantycontractincludingwithoutlimitationtheexclusionsodamagescausedbyabuseabnormaluseorneglect.Promotionsaresubjecttoterminationorchangeatanytimewithoutnotice.Oermaynotbeassignedtradedsoldorcombinedwithanyotheroerunlessexpresslystatedherein.Oervoidwhererestrictedorotherwiseprohibitedbylaw.BRPreservestherightatanytimetodiscontinueorchangespecifcationspricesdesignseaturesmodelsorequipmentwithoutincurringanyobligation.AlwaysconsultyoursnowmobiledealerwhenselectingasnowmobileoryourparticularneedsandcareullyreadandpayspecialattentiontoyourOperatorsGuideSaetyVideoSaetyHandbookandtothesaetylabellingonyoursnowmobile.Alwaysrideresponsiblyandsaely.Alwayswearappropriateclothingincludingahelmet.Alwaysobserveapplicablelocallawsandregulations.Dontdrinkanddrive.1107978Ordera2016Ski-DoosledbeforeApril19andgetVISITUSTOLEARNMOREAskAboutour300inStoreCreditonSpringOrders.PermafrostthawwontrunawaywithEarthsclimatereportButmeltcouldreleaseover100billiontonnesofemissionswithincenturyByMEAGANWOHLBERGDespitemakingacontributionof100billiontonnestoglobalwarmingemissionsoverthenextcenturypermafrostthawintheNorthisnotanticipatedtocauseacatastrophicrunawayfeedbackloopwithrespecttoclimatechangeaccordingtoanewreport.WerestillinthedriversseatsaidDr.DavidOlefeldtaprofessorattheUniversityofAlbertaandoneoftheauthorsofClimatechangeandthepermafrostcarbonfeed-backpublishedlastweekintheonlinejour-nalNature.com.Thepapercompiledbyanetworkofinter-nationalresearcherssynthesizestheexist-ingscienticknowledgeonpossibleimpactsongoingpermafrostmeltintheArcticcouldhaveonclimatechange.Thoughitndstheemissionsreleasedfromthawingpermafrosttobesignicanttheim-pactofthemeltpalesincomparisontotheclimatechangesbeingcausedbyemissionsfromfossilfuels.Oneofthethingswewanttoemphasizeisthatwedontthinkthepermafrostthawcanturnintoarunawayfeedbackloopsitu-ationwhereitsself-sustainingandclimatechangerunsamokOlefeldtsaid.Whenitcomestoclimatechangeitsstillverymuchuptohumandecisions.Thereportndsthataround10percentofthecarbonstoresinfrozenpermafrostwillbereleasedthroughwarmingbytheendofthecenturytotallingaround100billiontonnesofcarbondioxide.Incomparisonthecombustionoffossilfuelsisreleasingaround10billiontonnesperyearalone.ThoughconsiderablylowerontheorderofmagnitudeOlefeldtsaidtheim-pactofpermafrost-relatedcarbonemis-sionsmustbefactoredintocurrentcli-matemodelsbeingusedtoshapeglobalpolicyonclimatechange.RightnowtheinternationallyagreeduponthresholdformanageableclimatechangeallowsforanincreaseinaverageglobaltemperatureoftwodegreesCelsius.Theresacertainamountofcarbondi-oxidewecanreleaseandwhatthisreportissayingisthat10percentofthathastobeallocatedtopermafrostsoilsOlefeldtsaid.Soitsreducingtheamountofcarbonwecanreleasethroughfossilfuelsby10percent.Anuncontrollablefeedbackloopofemis-sionsfrompermafrostmelthasbeenaworrysincescientistsbegannoticingthatwarm-ingtemperaturesareacceleratingamicro-bialbreakdownoforganiccarboninthefro-zensubsurfacereleasinggreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandmethanetotheat-mosphere.Thiseffectismostcommoninhigh-latituderegionswheretemperatureshaverisen0.6degreesCelsiusperdecadeoverthelast30years-twiceasfastastheglobalaverage.InCanadaOlefeldtsaidtheMackenzieValleyintheNorthwestTerritoriesandtheHudsonBayLowlandsarewherelargestoresofcarbonaremostvulnerabletothawingthoughthephenomenonisoccurringevery-wherefromFortMcMurraynorthward.An-otherkeyareahesaidisinnorthernRussiaalongthecoast.Butunlikereportsofanimminentandrapidpermafrost-fueledcarbonbombassomeworst-casescenarioshaveputitOlefeldtsaidthethawislikelytoproduceagradualandprolongedreleaseovertimemeaninghumanshavetimetoprepare.Thatsaidnewscienticinformationisconstantlyalteringwhatscienceknowsandcanpredictaboutclimatechange.JustlastweekanotherarticlepublishedintheNatureClimateChangejournalreportedthatthebreakdownoforganicmaterialsinwarmingpermafrostactuallygeneratesheatboostingdecompositioninawaysimilartocompost-ingandcausingmoremelting.SowedontknoweverythingOlefeldtsaid.Evenwiththeprojectionswehaveinourarticletherearelargeuncertainties.Thoughunlikelytoeverovershadowemis-sionsfromfossilfuelsthereportnotesper-mafrostthawwillhaveasignicantimpactnotonlyduringthiscenturybutbeyondandthusneedstobeintegratedintopolicydeci-sionsaboutclimatechangemanagement.Eachadditionaltonofcarbonreleasedfromthepermafrostregiontotheatmo-spherewillprobablyincuradditionalcoststosocietythereportstates.PhotoNWTGeoscienceOfceWerestillinthedriversseat...Whenitcomestoclimatechangeitsstillverymuchuptohumandecisions.Dr.DavidOlefeldtUniversityofAlbertaMeltingpermafrostinthePeelregionoftheNorthwestTerritoriescausesaneffectcalledslumpingwhereportionsofthelandscapecollapseandpourintonearbywaterways.